Difference Between Computer Literacy free essay sample

To be more clear, with data proficiency one is taking what has been perused and learned and applying it. With PC proficiency one can have the information however not really realize how to utilize it or apply it. Essentially, with data education one will take the information to the following stage by utilizing the entrance to arrange, utilize and assess what has been found. With PC education one has the innovation to control the PC, yet they might not have the data to proceed through the procedure and determine an end dependent on assessments and association. PC education, on the off chance that you need to consider it in steps, is the proficiency before data proficiency wherein the individual is en route to picking up the additional information they need so as to apply what is as of now known. Data proficiency likewise expects one to have mindfulness in how data frameworks work and the connection between data need, sources and channels. A model would clarify this simpler. You can realize how to utilize Google search, yet except if you make it a stride further, for example, recognizing what you need, the sources and the channels to pick up what you need you will be left with unhelpful answers. Positively, you realize you need watchwords in a web crawler, however except if you comprehend what catchphrases you are trapped. This is the connection between the two ideas. 2. Talk about the three components of a data framework (equipment, programming and persware) that chiefs must consider. Which of the three do you consider the most significant? Equipment: Is the physical part of PCs, broadcast communications, and different gadgets. The term emerged as an approach to recognize the case and the electronic hardware and segments of a PC from the program you put in it to cause it to get things done. Programming: Software is a term for a lot of guidelines, which makes a PC to play out an errand. The arrangement of directions are generally known as a program, without which PCs can't do any tasks. A product is characterized comprehensively in to two gatherings, application programming, which incorporates ordinary utility applications like Microsoft word, PowerPoint and so on that collaborates and performs client explicit errands and framework programming, for example, working frameworks, which connects legitimately with equipment to make the framework work and furthermore give a stage to different applications to work. Persware: Defined as the individuals part of a data framework, without this part of a data framework the equipment and programming segments become PC education. The individuals who drive and run the data framework additionally help to figure out which kinds of information to gather, store and disperse for revealing and investigation purposes. The three Components of data framework discussed the info, handling, yield and criticism forms. Most significant is the criticism procedure; lamentably its the one frequently neglected. Similarly as in the triangle over, the equipment (info and yield) and the product (preparing) get the most consideration. With those two alone, you have PC proficiency. Be that as it may, on the off chance that you dont utilize the persware side of the triangle to finish the input circle, you dont achieve a lot. Include the persware edge with great criticism and you have the beginnings of data education. 3. Which of the six business targets do you believe is the most significant? In what manner can data frameworks help a business meet these goals? The Six Important Business Objectives of Information Technology Product Development Information innovation can accelerate the time it takes new items to arrive at the market. Organizations can compose item necessity reports by social event showcase insight from exclusive databases, clients and agents. PC helped structure and assembling programming speed up dynamic, while synergistic advancements permit worldwide groups to chip away at various segments of an item all the while. From developments in microchips to proficient medication conveyance frameworks, data innovation encourages organizations react rapidly to changing client prerequisites. Partner Integration Stakeholder joining is another significant target of data innovation. Utilizing worldwide all day, every day interconnectivity, a client assistance call beginning in Des Moines, Iowa, winds up in a call community in Manila, Philippines, where a help operator could look into the pertinent data on cuts off situated in corporate central command in Dallas, Texas, or in Frankfurt, Germany. Open organizations utilize their financial specialist relations sites to speak with investors, research investigators and other market members. Procedure Improvement Process improvement is another key IT business objective. Undertaking asset arranging (ERP) frameworks permit supervisors to audit deals, costs and other working measurements on one incorporated programming stage, for the most part continuously. An ERP framework may swap many heritage frameworks for fund, HR and other useful regions, in this way making inner procedures increasingly productive and financially savvy. Cost Efficiencies Despite the fact that the underlying IT execution expenses can be significant, the subsequent long haul cost reserve funds are generally worth the venture. IT permits organizations to lessen exchange and execution costs. For instance, the expense of a PC today is a small amount of what it was in the mid 1980s, but the PCs are extensively progressively incredible. IT-based profitability arrangements, from word preparing to email, have permitted organizations to save money on the expenses of duplication and postage, while keeping up and improving item quality and client care. Upper hand Cost reserve funds, quick item advancement and procedure enhancements assist organizations with picking up and keep up an upper hand in the commercial center. In the event that a cell phone contender reports another gadget with creative touch-screen includes, the contenders should rapidly stick to this same pattern with comparative items or hazard losing piece of the pie. Organizations can utilize fast prototyping, programming reenactments and other IT-based frameworks to offer an item for sale to the public expense viably and rapidly. Globalization Companies that get by in a serious domain as a rule have the operational and money related adaptability to develop locally and afterward universally. IT is at the center of working models fundamental for globalization, for example, working from home and re-appropriating. An organization can re-appropriate the majority of its noncore capacities, for example, HR and accounts, to seaward organizations and use arrange advances to remain in contact with its abroad workers, clients and providers.

Ethics in a Universalist Society Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Morals in a Universalist Society - Essay Example Also, moral Universalists hold that once a specific conduct or direct supposedly is off-base in a specific network or condition, a similar will apply to different networks and situations paying little heed to conditions in those situations. As per Gert, the hypothesis of good universalism has been of extraordinary quintessence in assurance of global human rights and certain laws administering moral lead. For example, the United Nations while in Geneva Convention of 1948 settled upon the requirements for reasonable treatment of war detainees. Moral universalism directs that people have certain unique rights whose penetrating meets all requirements for indecency (Gert). Moral universalism works under the thought that ethical appraisal of people and their behaviors of social administration should base on essential principles that not at all oppress others in the general public. Moral Universalists further contend that opportunity to practice self-wants and wills establish the essential components of ethical quality in the social orders. Heroes of good universalism demand that any ethically off-base conduct or achievement of by an individual is consistently inside that person’s control and authority so to speak before the achievement. Immanuel Kant and hypothesis of Moral Universalism Kant explores that widespread good prerequisites base on the standard soundness known as the clear cut objective (CI). Kant characterizes corruption as any conditional infringement of straight out objective and in this way meets all requirements to be silly. Kant introduction of good universalism expects to affect specific feeling of confidence and regard to the next people. As indicated by Johnson, an ethical individual has the option to settle on feasible decisions and choices that don't debase anyone’s opportunity inside the encompassing. The ethical judgment showed up at by an individual ought to be what any ethically rational, calm, ordinary and sensible grown-up wi ll deliberate with. Kant further contends that ethical universalism with sound wills familiarizes people with self-sufficiency. Kant contends that so as to accomplish moral mental stability in our condition, the discerning virtues ought to be resolved first before some other endeavor. Kant’s hypothesis of good universalism directs that advancement of suitable moral qualities lies on the fundamental elements of investigation of ideas like generosity, commitment and sensible connection. Kant’s hypothesis of good universalism has been utilized to examine practices of people in accordance with moral necessities (Johnson). The positive attitude segment of profound quality that relies on the sound judgment of an individual helps specific people in settling on practical good choice that are in congruity with the laws of ethical quality. The possibility of cooperative attitude in the Kant’s hypothesis of good universalism drives individuals into playing out their accura te exceptional good obligations and duties without superfluous penetrate of other peoples’ respect. The possibility of cooperative attitude has been utilized by numerous characters in executing their accurate essential and honest obligations without thinking about other outside components. The possibility of conventional has been rehashed in the social orders with essential remain of supporting harmony and amicable concurrence among people living in the

Speech on a english project Essays

Discourse on an english venture Essays Discourse on an english venture Essay Discourse on an english venture Essay One thing that I have been agreeable in is the walking band. Collaboration is the most significant expertise to have in band. It is expected to make all the arrangements to be in the right shape. I likewise need participation with others so we as a whole watch the drum majors and remain in sync, play at the perfect time, and do elements accurately. One of the last significant perspective participation is utilized for in the walking band is concurring on new thoughts for what to do during the show. Collaboration is the key perspective for any walking occasion whether it is a football match-up or an opposition. It is a significant that we as a whole watch the drum majors for some reasons. The drum majors direct the beat of the music and by watching them we can stream them and remain in sync. We can likewise realize when to begin and quit playing at the correct occasions. In conclusion the drum majors give us when we need to play significant elements. Elements are the louds and softs played in the music. Without the drum majors the collaboration in the band would be a lot harder to control. Another significant perspective need with collaboration for walking band is to get into the right developments. It is everybodys Job in the walking band to be in the correct ribbon at the perfect time. On the off chance that one individual is strange the entire development looks wrong, which is the reason collaboration with the other musicians is so fundamental in this game. The last significant explanation collaboration is fundamental for the band is thinking of new plans to do during the show. On the off chance that the band is remaining in an arrangement for a brief period we have to do a visual. This includes the individuals concurring on a thought and ensuring it is useful thought. After it gets affirmed it is necessitated that everyone learns the move and can preform it with the correct method. This is now and again very ifficult in view of one gathering of individuals doing a certain something and other sitting idle, at that point the two of them switch what they are doing. I accept that collaboration is the most significant viewpoint and trademark required for walking band. Watching the drum majors for playing the music at the correct occasions, remaining in sync, and doing address elements is significant. Concurring with other musicians on the new thoughts for the walking appear. One of the most significant things of everything is getting to the best possible development at the correct occasions for the whole show. Discourse on an english venture By SirCeasar

Boston is going through an unprecedented phase of biotech growth, placing it alongside San Francisco and San Diego on the list of the leading U.S. hubs for the industry.

Boston is going through an unprecedented phase of biotech growth, placing it alongside San Francisco and San Diego on the list of the leading U.S. hubs for the industry. As well as being a hive of activity for start-ups and new businesses, the city has attracted the attention of major pharmaceutical groups and drug developers like GlaxoSmithKline, Novartis, and Merck. This has made the Boston area a land of great opportunity for young, ambitious professionals, who will be wondering just how far the industry can go. The past and present of Bostons biotech industry Massachusetts, and the Boston and Cambridge area in particular, boasts a proud history of biotech and pharma innovation. The region is home to over 550 companies operating in the industry, more than half of which specialize in drug development. During the 2013 fiscal year, the state received USD2.3 billion in funding from the National Institutes of Health, underlining its importance as part of the national healthcare and pharmaceutical framework. In terms of jobs, more than 113,000 people work in life sciences in Massachusetts, with the largest portion of this group focused on research and development. According to these figures from Northeastern University, the sector is about the same size as the construction industry. The state has the highest concentration of biotech jobs in the country, prompting Gregory Bialecki, state secretary of housing and economic development, to call for the industry to be acknowledged as one of the pillars of the Massachusetts economy.  [Tweet Massachusetts has the highest concentration of biotech jobs in the U.S.] Barry Bluestone, director of Northeasterns Dukakis Center for Urban and Regional Policy, said: Massachusetts, in the life sciences, has leapfrogged other states in the last six or seven years. The Boston area has been at the heart of this growth over the past decade or so. It has seen numerous major developments, from Novartis decision to relocate its entire research operation to Cambridge in the early 2000s, to GlaxoSmithKlines recent establishment of an innovation center in Boston. In the past few weeks alone there have been stories and announcements underlining the rapid expansion of the industry, with a particular focus on jobs. Shire revealed plans to move its U.S. operational headquarters from Chesterbrook, Pennsylvania, to Lexington, Massachusetts, about ten miles outside Boston. The pharmaceutical firm will be relocating over 500 positions as it seeks to streamline its business through two principal locations – Massachusetts and Switzerland. The story of BioPoint, an industry-specific staffing and consulting firm, underlines the potential of the Boston areas biotech industry as a generator of employment. The company was formed in 2011, by five partners who were willing to put their own money into an enterprise that would live or die on the fortunes of the biotech and pharma industry. Chris Nash, one of the original partners, told the Boston Business Journal that the founders had faith in their venture because they saw pharmaceuticals as pretty recession-proof. The company, which provides staffing solutions to biotech businesses on a project basis, has seen its revenue rise from USD120,000 in the first year to more than USD7 million this year. Its clients include Johnson Johnson, AbbVie, Shire, and Genzyme. MBA students and graduates in Boston will see the biotech industry as an area of great opportunity, whether you want to start your own company or build a career with an existing one. Kiran Mazumdar Shaw, who founded Biocon and turned the firm into Indias leading biotechnology company, offered some advice for entrepreneurs at a talk for Hult International Business School earlier this year. She said one of the most important things is to constantly reassess your business plan, and question if you are using the right strategies to guarantee growth. Youve got to keep reevaluating your business model and keep changing it, because if you dont, you miss out on opportunities, which can stunt your growth, said Ms. Shaw. Future growth and challenges The Greater Boston area has established itself as a world leader in fields like life sciences research and drug development, but now it faces the test of staying at the top. Challengers to the regions dominance are emerging at home and abroad. Tax breaks have made California even more attractive to biotech businesses, while Texas has invested hundreds of millions of dollars in strengthening its foothold in the industry. In South Korea, meanwhile, new laboratories are being built and scientists are needed to fill them. Developments like these led Robert Coughlin, chief executive of the Massachusetts Biotechnology Council, to tell the Boston Globe that he is sweating. Its hard to stay on top. Either you continue to improve or you go backwards, he said. Another puzzle for the industry to solve is the limited supply of lab space. With new businesses starting up at such a rapid rate and major companies increasing their presence in the Boston area, real estate is at a premium. In the second and third quarters of 2014, the vacancy rate for the life sciences sector in Cambridge was just under 14 percent. This has been roughly consistent for the past year or so and is the lowest the rate has been in the past decade, according to commercial real estate company Transwestern. Eric Smith, a partner at the firm, told the Boston Business Journal that this is the tightest he has seen the market in terms of available space. Despite these challenges, any industry boasting constant innovation, fierce competition, guaranteed demand, and a healthy flow of financial support is well-placed for success. The biotech sector in the Boston area has these features in abundance. Last month, the Massachusetts Life Sciences Center (MLSC), a quasi-public state agency, announced that it would provide up to USD2 million to early-stage life sciences firms. A panel of experts will select companies to receive up to USD200,000 each. Pamela Norton, manager of the MSLCs programs, said this will fuel the entire continuum of companies, from the earliest to the latest, the Boston Herald reported. Factors like high costs for labor, taxes, and rent are often cited as possible obstacles for big businesses with growth plans in Boston, but the city has proven it can be a major player in the global competition for biotech and pharmaceutical jobs. Dr. Christoph Westphal, a partner at Longwood Fund, an investor in biomedical companies, said the city has transformed itself from a research capital into a center of corporate expansion and development. Other cities that vie with us – San Francisco, London, Paris, the New York/New Jersey region, cities in Switzerland or Germany – often have more significant hurdles of their own, he wrote in the Boston Globe. In healthcare, we have shown that Boston can be a key global player. We look forward to the day when this is also true for other innovation-based industries. Kickstart your career in this education and innovation hotspot by studying at Hults Boston business school. To find out more, take a look at our blog Dare to start: Boston’s VC scene on the rise. Download a brochure or get in touch today to find out how Hult can help you to learn about the business world, the future, and yourself. Hult Rotation offers you a chance to study in a truly global way. Our rotation program allows you to study and be immersed in some of the finest cities in the world. 📠¸: @jasminmanzano . Hult Rotation offers you a chance to study in a truly global way. Our rotation program allows you to study and be immersed in some of the finest cities in the world. 📠¸: @jasminmanzano . Each year, Hult seeks to enroll a talented and ambitious incoming class from all over the world. We look for diverse students with a wide range of experiences, perspectives, and interests—students who will thrive in our unique educational atmosphere. Are you ready for a truly global experience? 📠¸: @iambrunadiniz . Each year, Hult seeks to enroll a talented and ambitious incoming class from all over the world. We look for diverse students with a wide range of experiences, perspectives, and interests—students who will thrive in our unique educational atmosphere. Are you ready for a truly global experience? 📠¸: @iambrunadiniz . We’re excited to start 2020 on a ranking high! Hult is proud to have been placed #28 in Poets Quants 2020 rankings for Best Undergraduate Business Schools in the US. Taking a huge leap of 32 places from our 2019 position, we’re also very happy to have secured top positions in key categories like: life-changing experience, practicality of the degree, and global immersion. . With five global campuses, a student body of over 130 nationalities, and a learn-by-doing approach—Hult offers a student experience like no other. . We’re excited to start 2020 on a ranking high! Hult is proud to have been placed #28 in Poets Quants 2020 rankings for Best Undergraduate Business Schools in the US. Taking a huge leap of 32 places from our 2019 position, we’re also very happy to have secured top positions in key categories like: life-changing experience, practicality of the degree, and global immersion. . With five global campuses, a student body of over 130 nationalities, and a learn-by-doing approach—Hult offers a student experience like no other. . â€Å"I’m from an engineering background and needed a whole new skill set for the industry I wanted to switch to. I learned a lot about myself and how I deal with being out of my comfort zone. I learned both soft and hard skills, from how to work in very diverse teams to key accounting metrics and strategy. I was surprised by how weak I was at certain tasks in English or how strong I actually was in other areas. Hult gave me opportunities to try new things and meet people from places I never thought I would have friends. . My internship experiences gave me the chance to broaden my view of different cultures and different companies. I had the opportunity to work and live with people whose values differed from people in my home country. I thought that this would be difficult, but it gave me the chance to reflect on my own values and assess if they were a result of my home country environment or if they were intrinsically mine. . Diederick ter Kulve (@diederick.terkulve) Netherlands Masters in International Business . â€Å"I’m from an engineering background and needed a whole new skill set for the industry I wanted to switch to. I learned a lot about myself and how I deal with being out of my comfort zone. I learned both soft and hard skills, from how to work in very diverse teams to key accounting metrics and strategy. I was surprised by how weak I was at certain tasks in English or how strong I actually was in other areas. Hult gave me opportunities to try new things and meet people from places I never thought I would have friends. . My internship experiences gave me the chance to broaden my view of different cultures and different companies. I had the opportunity to work and live with people whose values differed from people in my home country. I thought that this would be difficult, but it gave me the chance to reflect on my own values and assess if they were a result of my home country environment or if they were intrinsically mine. . Diederick ter Kulve (@diederick.terkulve) Netherlands Masters in International Business . Say a big hello to our Bachelor of Business Administration program cover star, Elisa Orus Plana âÅ" ¨ . â€Å"I’m excited for the future—especially that I cant predict whats going to happen. Maybe Ill end up in Mexico working for a trading company or maybe in Africa, developing my own business. Everything is possible, and the options are constantly changing. I love the idea that Im never going to be stuck doing the same job until the end of my life if I dont want it to be like this. . Hult really supports me and my ambitions and truly believes that we deserve to be considered as professionals as well as students. Here, I get to express not just my opinions but all elements of myself. From my creative side with the Fashion Society to my finance and business sides in Trading Club and the Management Consulting Club. We get a different type of learning here. Not just essential knowledge and theory, but practical skills and mindset. The school is always evolving. We’re encouraged to innovate and to always look for new ways of doing traditional things. We learn how to be more confident and become aware of how we can impact our environment. The school aims to help you become a better version of yourself and to stand out from the crowd.â€Å" . Elisa Orus Plana French Bachelor of Business Administration Class of 2021 Say a big hello to our Bachelor of Business Administration program cover star, Elisa Orus Plana âÅ" ¨ . â€Å"I’m excited for the future—especially that I cant predict whats going to happen. Maybe Ill end up in Mexico working for a trading company or maybe in Africa, developing my own business. Everything is possible, and the options are constantly changing. I love the idea that Im never going to be stuck doing the same job until the end of my life if I dont want it to be like this. . Hult really supports me and my ambitions and truly believes that we deserve to be considered as professionals as well as students. Here, I get to express not just my opinions but all elements of myself. From my creative side with the Fashion Society to my finance and business sides in Trading Club and the Management Consulting Club. We get a different type of learning here. Not just essential knowledge and theory, but practical skills and mindset. The school is always evolving. We’re encouraged to innovate and to always look for new ways of doing traditional things. We learn how to be more confident and become aware of how we can impact our environment. The school aims to help you become a better version of yourself and to stand out from the crowd.â€Å" . Elisa Orus Plana French Bachelor of Business Administration Class of 2021"> During the final days of 2019, you probably reflected on what you’ve accomplished this year—and even this decade—and what you’d like to achieve in 2020. Let us know in the comments below. During the final days of 2019, you probably reflected on what you’ve accomplished this year—and even this decade—and what you’d like to achieve in 2020. Let us know in the comments below. â€Å"The first time we did group work on the program, I went head-to-head with a colleague. It taught me a lot about how I see people, how people see me, and how conflict can be resolved in a kind and productive way. The best feedback you get, when delivered constructively, is the most critical because it really feeds into how you lead. I’ve completely reversed my leadership style—the result is so much richer and more powerful when you lead from behind and lead with strength. . Studying in tandem with working, whilst challenging, gave me the perfect platform to directly apply learning concepts into my business environment, the competitive landscape, and the real-estate industry as a whole. When I started the program, I was very happy in my corporate role. But my courage and aspirations grew to the point that I took on a whole new direction. Having my career coach, Joanna, as a sounding board allowed me to really be strategic and get to know myself. She coached me thro ugh all the interviews, the research, and the questions. It went in parallel with what I was doing academically and after six months everything just clicked. . I went into the EMBA knowing I had nothing to lose and I’ve come out with everything. Great strength, global friends, amazing learning, mentors from professors, a job I love, and the knowledge that I can set my mind to achieve anything and with the right support and resources I’ll get there.† . Kashani Wijetunga British, New Zealand Sri Lankan Associate Director Senior Strategy Consultant CBRE EMBA Class of 2019 . â€Å"The first time we did group work on the program, I went head-to-head with a colleague. It taught me a lot about how I see people, how people see me, and how conflict can be resolved in a kind and productive way. The best feedback you get, when delivered constructively, is the most critical because it really feeds into how you lead. I’ve completely reversed my leadership style—the result is so much richer and more powerful when you lead from behind and lead with strength. . Studying in tandem with working, whilst challenging, gave me the perfect platform to directly apply learning concepts into my business environment, the competitive landscape, and the real-estate industry as a whole. When I started the program, I was very happy in my corporate role. But my courage and aspirations grew to the point that I took on a whole new direction. Having my career coach, Joanna, as a sounding board allowed me to really be strategic and get to know myself. She coached me thro ugh all the interviews, the research, and the questions. It went in parallel with what I was doing academically and after six months everything just clicked. . I went into the EMBA knowing I had nothing to lose and I’ve come out with everything. Great strength, global friends, amazing learning, mentors from professors, a job I love, and the knowledge that I can set my mind to achieve anything and with the right support and resources I’ll get there.† . Kashani Wijetunga British, New Zealand Sri Lankan Associate Director Senior Strategy Consultant CBRE EMBA Class of 2019 . â€Å"It was now or never. I knew that I’d have likely stayed in my neighborhood for years to come if I didn’t take this opportunity. I’d not lived or studied outside of the U.S. before. So I left my job as a global strategist at an advertising agency and moved halfway around the world. I’ve come back a more culturally aware, well-versed person. I’ve realized that everything is a learning experience and an opportunity for growth. Ill definitely carry this mindset with me into the future. Technology and social media allow us to be different people in several places at once. Im excited to see how I can establish myself in whatever city Ill be lucky enough to call home and still maintain deep connections with people all over the world. I’m inspired by my classmates every day. Hearing some of their life stories and how getting this degree fits into their greater mission has been very humbling. My biggest challenge has been finding the ‘right’ path for me. There have been rooms Ive felt like I shouldnt be in, but now Im proud to feel as though I truly belong, wherever I am.† . Dwayne Logan, Jnr. American MBA Class of 2019 . â€Å"It was now or never. I knew that I’d have likely stayed in my neighborhood for years to come if I didn’t take this opportunity. I’d not lived or studied outside of the U.S. before. So I left my job as a global strategist at an advertising agency and moved halfway around the world. I’ve come back a more culturally aware, well-versed person. I’ve realized that everything is a learning experience and an opportunity for growth. Ill definitely carry this mindset with me into the future. Technology and social media allow us to be different people in several places at once. Im excited to see how I can establish myself in whatever city Ill be lucky enough to call home and still maintain deep connections with people all over the world. I’m inspired by my classmates every day. Hearing some of their life stories and how getting this degree fits into their greater mission has been very humbling. My biggest challenge has been finding the ‘right’ path for me. There have been rooms Ive felt like I shouldnt be in, but now Im proud to feel as though I truly belong, wherever I am.† . Dwayne Logan, Jnr. American MBA Class of 2019 . Happy New Year, Hultians! . Happy New Year, Hultians! .

Genocide Open Down Of The Truth - 1787 Words

Reyna Ramirez 1A Research 2016 Ms. Lee Genocide:open up your eyes to the truth Genocide is the word that represents when different kind of violence is used against members of a certain race, culture, religious group or anything that a group of people may oppose as a unit. Around the 1940’s genocide wasn t a term that was used by anyone around the world until after world war II, when the Nazi’s were trying to kill a whole ethnic group. At this point was when the United Nations decided to declare genocide a national crime, but that hasn t stopped anyone from committing genocide throughout the years. Another very known even related to genocide happened around the 1990’s was the Rwandan genocide, in which many lives were lost both children and adults. Though Genocide happens a lot many people don t seem to know what it is, what it does, who’s involved, and many other related things to the subject. Genocide needs to be a term in everyone s vocabulary, because the more educated person is on a subjec t the more they have power to prevent it from occurring around them. Genocide changed the world because it showed people the warning signs, to see what was truly happening in foreign countries, and it helped to try to find solution to the world s most undercover massacres. There is a speech given by Gregory H. stanton, president of genocide watch, his speech speaks about the different stages that can be found in a genocide. â€Å"Genocide is a process that develops in eight stagesShow MoreRelated Ethics of Genocide and Eugenics Essay1407 Words   |  6 PagesGene Therapy: Genocide and Eugenics or Striving for a More Perfect Population Controversy and Ethics Just as there are different types of people who look at one glass of water and describe it as half full or half empty, the public has many different views on the future of our society. 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Marketing Strategies & Value Creation-Free-Samples for Students

Question: Prepare a report on the use of Marketing Communications utilising an Organisation of your choice such as a Small Business, not for Profit or Corporate Enterprise. Answer: Introduction: The primary aim of any business entity is the values creation. The creation of the values by the firm helps the same to sell the products or service to the customers. The value creation is the process by which the company can ensures its profitability in the market through its products and service. The creation of the values is determined by various factors of the business as well as the strategic management of the organization (Achtenhagen, Melin Naldi, 2013). On the other hand, value creation is referred to one of the aspects of the marketing communication which is determines the firms performance in the market. The marketing communication further involves the identification and understanding of the target audience, differentiation from the competition in the market, development of the key messages and the selection of the communication channels (Luxton Mavondo, 2015). The marketing communication is thus important for the creating and values to the organizations business activiti es. For establishing the proper marketing communication and creating values for the business, different strategies are used by the firms. The strategies determine the effectiveness of the value creation through business communication (Grnroos Voima, 2013). There are some theories, models and principles that are used for utilizing the marketing communication in order to create value for organizational activities. The chosen company for the following report is Oxfam International, which is a non-profit organization. It must be noted that for any nonprofit organization the marketing communication and value creation are focused on the service of the organization and the same is not referred to the profitability. Company Background: Oxfam International is one of the biggest international nonprofit organizations based in Australia. The aim of the organization is to eliminate poverty from the world (Oxfam International, 2017). The firm is into various activities for the poor in order to create permanent solution for removing their poverty. The purpose of the organization is focused on the elimination of the poverty by supporting the poor communities in all over the world. The company believes in the right to equality and for doing the same the firm in engaged in various welfare activities through which the poor people can get opportunities to remove their poverty. The organization is committed towards the protection of the human rights of the people living in poverty throughout the world. Therefore, the area of serving the people and various communities is spared in all over the world. The company was founded in 1942 and presently serving the poor people of 20 countries. Being a charitable organization, Oxfam is not into any specific business activities, rather the company does campaign and different fundraising program for fighting the poverty. At present the company is serving 90 communities in the international context. The activities of the company include financial support, educational and health support, human development and women empowerment. Marketing Communication: Marketing communication is one of the major aspects for the business organization that ensue the effective business activities of the firm in the market of target audience. The effectiveness of the marketing communication is measured through the achievement of the business goals and objectives which are focused on increasing preferences, raising awareness and generating leads (Thorson Moore, 2013). All these activities of the marketing communication ensure the value creation and value addition to the business. Precisely, the marketing communication is the process and strategies through which the firm communicates with the consumers in order to convey right messages to the targeted audience (Vanhamme et al., 2012). Among the different types of the marketing communication, development of the key message is the majorly important in terms of making the consumers aware of the marketing and business activities of the firm for the certain stakeholders. Through the effective marketing commu nication, the firm is able to ensure the profitability and long run of the firm in the competitive market. Oxfams Marketing Communication: It is mentioned previously that being the charitable nonprofit organization, the company is not into any specific business activities that can make profit to the organization. Consequently, the company has no such competitors in the market from the same background. However, there is various nonprofit organization in all over the world, but the aim of them are different from Oxfam. On the other hand, having no such market and competitors the firms marketing communication is not based on the business activities. As mentioned earlier the organization is aimed at providing service to the poor in order to eliminate the poverty from the world. For serving this purpose the company needs financial resources by which Oxfam can provide proper support to the poor people. As the company does not have any proper business, the company sells the old second hand things that are donated by various people. The company also raises funds from various events and campaigns (Oxfam International, 2017). Hence the marketing communication of the firm is based on the fundraising programs for serving the poor. The company through its website and various campaigns and events convey its messages of providing betterment service to the society. For selling the products donated by the people, the company uses its marketing communication. However, it must be noted that the company is more focused on the values creating through strategic management rather to focus on marketing communication. Marketing Strategies: Marketing strategies are the major and primary part of the marketing in business. the proper and effective marketing strategies determine the profitability and success of the business in the market. Marketing strategies are a set of ways and process through which the company runs its business activities effectively and uniquely (Hollensen, 2015). Each company has different set of marketing strategies for its business activities. However, there are some theoretical and corporate set of marketing strategies that are popular among the successful business organization as the same have shown its effectiveness. The organizations use their marketing strategies not only for the successful business activities, but also connecting their corporate activities to the society which leads the organizations to sustain in the market (Grnroos Voima, 2013). In short the proper and effective marketing strategies and its implementation by the organization ensure the firms sustainability, but also create values for its business. Value Creation through Marketing Strategies: The uniqueness of the marketing strategies for each business entity is responsible for the value creation. The purpose of the marketing strategy is to add value to the organizational business and corporate social activities. The uniqueness and the differentiation of the products or service are rendered to the consumers through the effective marketing strategies (Lindgreen et al., 2012). For example, the marketing strategies of the organization often exaggerate the specifications and qualities of the products or service offered by the company. Such marketing strategies undoubtedly add values to the firms business activities by attracting more customers towards the firm. On the other hand, such marketing strategies lock the sustainability of the firm in the competitive market. Oxfams Marketing Strategies: It is repeatedly mentioned in the report that Oxfam is a charitable firm and does not operate any active business. Rather, the nonprofit organization is into serving the poor. Therefore, the marketing strategies of the firm are focused on achievement of the organizational goals. As mentioned in the strategic planning report of Oxfam, the firm has six goals and for its achievement the companys strategy is to respond effectively and swiftly to the humanitarian crisis, support the poor for claiming their rights and work for bringing about long term and significant changes in government policies and practice (Oxfam International, 2017). These strategies are not exactly the marketing strategies but a part of the strategic plan for achieving the noble aim of eliminating poverty from the world. Through the annual report of Oxfam, the firm let its stakeholders know about the strategic plan and the awareness of the people from the same adds value to the activities of the organization. Theoretical Approach on Value Creation: There are different theories of value creation as preferred by the scholars. The theoretical approach of the value creation of the organizations indicates the effectiveness of the marketing strategies in order to add values to the firms business activities (Husted, Allen Kock, 2015). This must be noted that the theories of value creation are different for profit and nonprofit organizations because the marketing strategies are different for the firms. The theoretical approach of the value creation enables the firms to ensure the success of its business activities. Collaboration: One of the major strategies of the firm for value creation is the collaboration. There are so many organizations that collaborate with various other business entities for adding more value to the business. Collaboration makes the organization increase its public image and social values. On the other hand, the collaboration increases the profit through the more approachable business activities. As opined by Pedersen and Solerd, (2016), most of the business entities are now moving forward to collaborate with other local business organization, be it small or big, for profitable outcomes through increased business. To win the competition in the market, the company must ensure meaningful and long lasting relationship with the consumers. For strengthening the relationship with the stakeholders as well as wit the customers, the firm therefore chose the collaboration. The local business entities are more popular to the customers and have the brand loyalty; hence it adds an advantage to firms business as well as to the public image when it collaborates with the local business organizations (Austin Seitanidi, 2012). Along with this, both the collaborating organizations are provided with wide range of resources through the collaboration which are beneficial for both of them. Similarly, Oxfam is no different. Oxfam also believes in the collaboration for enhancing the process of value creation to its business (Oxfam International, 2012). However, the collaboration for Oxfam in not indicated towards the increase of firms rate of profit (Sodhi, 2015). On the opposite side, the collaboration organizations are provided with the scope to participate in the social welfare program as conducted by Oxfam, which enable the profit-firms to overcome business model and social liabilities (Dahan et al., 2010). In regard to this, it must be mentioned that Corporate Social Responsibilities (CSR) is one of the emerging strategies that have became almost necessary for the firm operating its business in a broader context to avoid the legal obligation (Lee, Olson Trimi, 2012). Through the strategy of collaboration the profitable organization is able to engage in CSR activities practiced by the non-profit organization. Collaborative Value Creation Framework: As discussed the collaborative value creation framework is one of the major and effective framework that aims at the creation of the value for the non-profit organization through collaboration. The theoretical approach defines value as the transitory and enduring benefits relative to the costs that are generated due to the interaction of the collaborators and that accrue to organizations, individuals and society (Pedersen Solerd, 2016). This theoretical framework is divided into four sections: The Value Creation Spectrum, Collaborative Stages, Partnering Processes and Collaborative Outcome (Austin Seitanidi, 2012). The Oxfams value creation strategies follow this theoretical approach through collaboration (Oxfam International, 2012). This model of value creation proposes an analytical, extensive and conceptual approach to the firms marketing strategies. Figure 1: The Value Creation Framework Source: Koschmann, Kuhn Pfarrer, 2012 Stakeholders Importance: Stakeholders are the most important and basic part of any organization. Stakeholders are the people of the firm who are responsible for successful business activities. The importance of stakeholders is measures by overall business activities of the firm in the competitive market. For any international business organization, the stakeholders play the most vital role in determining the success and profit of business in the international market. It must be mentioned that the stakeholders are not only the employees of the consumers of the organization, but also refers to all the people involved in the business activities directly as well as indirectly. As stated by (Austin Seitanidi, 2012), stakeholders are the basis of the business which influence the sustainability of the firm in the market. In addition, the stakeholders also are capable of influencing the value creation of the business. Both the profit and nonprofit organizations are dependent on their stakeholders engagement in the business activities and CSR activities for long term existence in the market. The key stakeholders of the firms are the investors, employees, shareholders, vendors and customers. All the key stakeholders are important for playing its own role which individually adds value to the business. On the other hand, the engagement of the stakeholders is determined by the organizational activities and image in both the market and society. Therefore, the firms take some important and effective strategies to engage people to the organizations activities. Better communication, social and environmental activities, transparency in the business activities, giving importance to the stakeholders opinions are some of the strategic management that ensures the involvement of the same in the organizational activities (Sodhi, 2015). Similarly, for Oxfam the stakeholders play the most important role in ensuring the firms process of value creation (Andr, 2014). However, the consumers are less for the organization, but there are other stakeholders engaged in the organizational activities for serving the poor. The firm also follows the stakeholders theory for the engagement of more people for serving the noble purpose of Oxfam. Stakeholder Theory: Considering the importance of the stakeholders engagement in the firms activities, the stakeholder theory is aptly consistent with the maximization of value for the firm. The stakeholders theory is indicated towards the management of the organization to comply with the constituencies in the part of the stakeholders that is capable of affecting the firm (Sodhi, 2015). The theory of stakeholders implies that the organization must pay attention to the employee management; consumers benefits and suppliers risk reduction, governmental regulation and organizational ethics maintenance, community development and competitors analysis in terms of creating and adding value to organizational activities (Dentoni, Bitzer Pascucci, 2016). Similarly, Oxfam maintains the stakeholder theory as a strategy to secure the value creation for the firm. Figure 2: Stakeholder Theoretical Framework Source: Harrison Wicks, 2013 Conclusion: Therefore it can be concluded from the above report that the value creation is one of the major aspects of the business. The report identifies that the value creation is possible through effecting and successful marketing communication. It is presented in the above report that the marketing communication determines the profitability of the firm. The chosen organization, Oxfam being a nonprofit organization does not have any specific business, and hence the marketing communication and the value creation of the firm are based on its service to the society. It is found in the report that the organization is focused on making a poverty free society where people have equal rights and for serving this purpose the firm raises funds through various activities. The value creation of Oxfam is therefore attached to the fundraising programs for the intended service. The report further discuses two theoretical approach for the value creation of the nonprofit organization that is practiced by the chosen firm. In addition, it is found that the report defines that the theoretical frameworks for nonprofit organization are different from that of profit organizations. However, the approaches present some strategic movement of the firm for value creation in terms of social activities. References: Achtenhagen, L., Melin, L., Naldi, L. (2013). Dynamics of business modelsstrategizing, critical capabilities and activities for sustained value creation.Long range planning,46(6), 427-442. Austin, J. E., Seitanidi, M. M. (2012). Collaborative value creation: A review of partnering between nonprofits and businesses: Part I. Value creation spectrum and collaboration stages.Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly,41(5), 726-758. Austin, J. E., Seitanidi, M. M. (2012). Collaborative value creation: A review of partnering between nonprofits and businesses. Part 2: Partnership processes and outcomes.Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly,41(6), 929-968. Dahan, N. M., Doh, J. P., Oetzel, J., Yaziji, M. (2010). Corporate-NGO collaboration: Co-creating new business models for developing markets.Long range planning,43(2), 326-342. Dentoni, D., Bitzer, V., Pascucci, S. (2016). Cross-sector partnerships and the co-creation of dynamic capabilities for stakeholder orientation.Journal of Business Ethics,135(1), 35-53. Grnroos, C., Voima, P. (2013). Critical service logic: making sense of value creation and co-creation.Journal of the academy of marketing science,41(2), 133-150. Harrison, J. S., Wicks, A. C. (2013). Stakeholder theory, value, and firm performance.Business ethics quarterly,23(1), 97-124. Hollensen, S. (2015).Marketing management: A relationship approach. Pearson Education. Koschmann, M. A., Kuhn, T. R., Pfarrer, M. D. (2012). A communicative framework of value in cross-sector partnerships.Academy of Management Review,37(3), 332-354. Lee, S. M., Olson, D. L., Trimi, S. (2012). Co-innovation: convergenomics, collaboration, and co-creation for organizational values.Management Decision,50(5), 817-831. Lindgreen, A., Hingley, M. K., Grant, D. B., Morgan, R. E. (2012). Value in business and industrial marketing: Past, present, and future.Industrial Marketing Management,41(1), 207-214. Luxton, S., Reid, M., Mavondo, F. (2015). Integrated marketing communication capability and brand performance.Journal of Advertising,44(1), 37-46. Oxfam International. (2012).Cite a Website - Cite This For Me.Oxfam.org. Retrieved 18 November 2017, from https://www.oxfam.org/sites/www.oxfam.org/files/oxfam-partnership-principles.pdf Oxfam International. (2017).Who we are | Oxfam International.Oxfam.org. Retrieved 18 November 2017, from https://www.oxfam.org/en/about Pedersen, B. T., Solerd, M. (2016).Value creation in business-nonprofit collaboration: a case study of a danish apparel company(Master's thesis). Sodhi, M. S. (2015). Conceptualizing Social Responsibility in Operations Via Stakeholder Resource?Based View.Production and Operations Management,24(9), 1375-1389. Thorson, E., Moore, J. (Eds.). (2013).Integrated communication: Synergy of persuasive voices. Psychology Press. Vanhamme, J., Lindgreen, A., Reast, J., Van Popering, N. (2012). To do well by doing good: Improving corporate image through cause-related marketing.Journal of business ethics,109(3), 259-274. Husted, B. W., Allen, D. B., Kock, N. (2015). Value creation through social strategy.Business Society,54(2), 147-186. Andr, T. (2014, July). Corporate social responsibility boosts value creation at the base of the pyramid. InProceedings of the International Association for Business and Society(Vol. 25, pp. 44-56).

Investment Appraisal free essay sample

What are some benefits from Investing? ? Savings because assets used currently will no longer be used o Savings in staff cost o Saving in other operating costs Revenue benefits because of improvement / enhancements o More sales revenue o More efficient system o Savings in staff time Inflow from sale of currently in use assets Intangible benefit o Customer satisfaction o Improve staff morale o Better decision making ? ? ? How can investments be categorised? Investments can be categorised into Capital Expenditure and Revenue Expenditure. What is Capital Expenditure? Capital expenditure is expenditure which results in the acquisition of non-current assets or an improvement in the earning capacity of non-current assets. What is Revenue Expenditure? Revenue expenditure is expenditure which results in maintain the existing earning capacity of noncurrent assets. It also includes expenditure related to selling and distribution expenses, administration expenses and finance charges. What is involved in investments in Non-current Assets? Investments in Non-current Assets involve a significant elapse of time i. We will write a custom essay sample on Investment Appraisal or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page . the time funds are committed to acquiring the non-current to the recoupment of the investment will be long. What is involved in investments in Working Capital? Investments in working capital involve funds invested in resources such as, inventory, before it can be recovered from sales of the finished product or service. The funds are only committed for a short period of time. How do the overriding factors in Investment decisions differ in the Commercial Sector and the Notfor-Profit Organisation? The commercial sector investment decisions are generally based on financial considerations alone whereas with not-for-profit organisations relatively few organisations’ capital investments are made with the intention of earning a financial return the overriding factors are social costs and social benefits of the investment. What is Capital Budgeting? Capital budgeting is the process of identify, analysing and selecting investment projects whose returns are expected to extend beyond one year. What is the Capital Budget? The capital budget contains the expenditure required to cover capital projects already underway and those it is anticipated will start in the next possibly three to five years. Note: Budget limits or constraints might be imposed internally or externally. Internal constraints are often imposed when managerial resources are limited, this known as soft capital rationing. External constraints are often imposed by external limits either because of scarcity of finance, high financing costs or restrictions on the amount of external financing, this is known as hard capital rationing. Origination of proposal the origination of the proposal can come either from mechanisms the entity has put in place to scan the environment for investment opportunities; technological change/developments; or those working in technical positions. Project screening each project must be subjected to detailed screening. Only if a project passes this initial screening will more detailed financial analysis begin. Analysis and acceptance this step involves carrying out financial analysis of the project and comparing that to predetermined acceptance criteria and also considering the project in light of the capital budget for the current and future operating periods. Monitoring and review this step involves project control i. e. ensuring that capital spending does not exceed the amount authorised, the implementation of the project is not delayed, and the anticipated benefits are eventually obtained.

Michelangelo Buonaratti essays

Michelangelo Buonaratti essays Michelangelo Buonaratti was born in Caprese, Italy during the renaissance period and lived from 1475-1564. He later moved to Florence, Italy under the Medicis family rule and was found to be a talented painter and sculptor, while also being a gifted poet. Since he was skilled in the arts, he was commissioned by Pope Julius the 2nd to create his tomb, but was later assigned to paint the ceiling of the Sisteen chapel. The chapel was located in Rome, Italy on the grounds of St. Peters Cathedral. For the next five years, from 1508-1512, Michelangelo worked on the chapel and entirely finished its massive ceiling. He was a very dedicated man and took much pride in doing his work. He was first asked to paint the twelve apostles upon the ceiling, but later had a vision and was given permission to paint nine biblical scenes consisting of about 300 figures. Since he was a good Christian man and mostly faithful to the pope, he was given the right to change what he would eventually paint. In th ose long five years, Michelangelo painted through much sickness, exhaustion, pain, and hopelessness to create this wonderful masterpiece. Some of his other great accomplishments was the quote life is found in a block of uncarved marble and the soul is trapped inside, and his famous work on the David, a world renown sculpture that took him four years to create. Michelangelo Buonaratti died at the age of 89 in Florence, Italy. ...

Law on Torts in Australia Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Law on Torts in Australia - Essay Example The law is clear on the fact that the defendant had no right to touch the person of the plaintiff as the defendant did not have any arrest warrant authorizing him to take Tom into custody.3 Upon refusal by the plaintiff to accompany the defendant to the police station, the defendant should have left the premises and proceeded to go and obtain a court order or a warrant of arrest that would have allowed him to take the plaintiff into custody for questioning4. The plaintiff could argue that the actions of the two defendants caused economic injury to his business as a result of their insisting on questioning him within the premises of Tom’s business property at the reception area in full view of his waiting customers. Hargrave v Goldman (1936) 110 CLR 40, 495 (Windeyer J). Tom can argue that the actions of the two officers had adversely affected his business by portraying him negatively in full view of the customers. Tom can also claim that his business suffered extensive loss as a result of the Defendant officer Derk detaining him for longer than was actually necessary at the police station even after he had questioned him for a reasonable duration of time without a warrant or court order authorizing him to do so.6 Causes of Court Action Available to the Plaintiff The Plaintiff can take several legal recourses against the defendants. In the case of Tom, the plaintiff versus Officers Derk and Falcon, the defendants, he can be able to sue the two for trespassing onto his property as was seen in the case of Adams v. State of New South Wales & ors (2001) New South Wales District Court.7 The law defines trespass as â€Å"Trespass is a tortious cause of action dealing with direct and intentional interferences to either the person, land or to goods.† Reynolds v Clarke (1725) 1 Str 634. They can be sued as a result of their refusal to leave the plaintiff’s property even after he had asked them to do so. The two defendants also went on to search the p laintiffs workshop without a warrant and are liable to be sued for conducting an illegal search as was in the case of Curran & ors v. Walsh & ors (1998) unreported, New South Wales District Court.8 In the case of The Plaintiff Tom Versus the defendant Officer Falcon, the plaintiff can sue the defendant for trespass on his person. By placing his hand on the plaintiff’s shoulder, the defendant had directly and deliberately caused there to be physical contact between his person and the plaintiff’s person without the consent or the legal justification to do so and hence was liable to be sued.9 In the case of the plaintiff, Tom versus the defendant, officer Derk, the plaintiff could sue for economic damages sustained as a result of the officer retaining him for questioning at the police station for too long. In the case of â€Å"Caltex Oil (Australia) Pty Ltd v The Dredge â€Å"Willemstad† [1976] HCA 6510† Caltex were able to recover damages for the economic l osses they suffered without having suffered any actual physical damage.11 Tom was unnecessarily detained for questioning irrespective of the fact that the plaintiff had come to the station on his

The need for imigration refom Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

The need for imigration refom - Research Paper Example From the findings of the analysis carried out in the paper, it has been viewed that the aspect of rapid illegal immigration has been the cause of various illegal activities in the nations. Additionally, it has also been determined that reform in the current immigration policies would not only facilitate in decreasing the illegal activities but would also aid in developing an environment that would be safe for both the civilians and immigrants who migrate legally from other nations either for professional or academic purpose. Introduction The facet of immigration plays a vital role for every nation as it not only involves financial benefits but also aids in developing the country technologically and culturally among other aspects. In general, immigration is the process through which the people belonging to a particular nation move to another country owing to economic, political, natural disaster or other factors. With the advent of globalization and the increasing literacy rate, peopl e tend to emigrate from their home country to another nation because of the need to progress their professional or academic life. ... However, in recent years it has often been viewed that the lure of reaching the land of American dreams has propagated many individuals to tread the forbidden path of illegal immigration. Subsequently, in the act of immigration, people who belong to different terrorist groups move to the country either legally or illegal and cause great harm to the citizens. This has given rise to the debate amid many political critics to implement strategies and policies that would help in reforming the immigration policies effectively along with helping to maintain a safe place for the civilians to live in (U.S Department of Homeland Security, 2012; Library of Congress, n.d.). The purpose of the paper is to depict the need for immigration reform which allows legal immigration in the United States, while enabling to protect the nation from the people of groups that aim at causing it harm. Discussion History of Immigration in the United States The aspect of immigration in the United States can be div ided into four major parts. From the Colonial era to 1880, most of immigrants came from northern part of Europe especially from countries such as England, Germany and Ireland. It is worth mentioning that the Africans were also brought in America in this period through salve trade and Chinese began migrating towards the end of this period. The second period started from 1880 and ended in 1920. In this era, people especially from the southern and eastern part of Europe especially from countries such as Italy, Russia immigrated in America. The third wave of immigration can be categorized during the World War I targeting Asians, southern and eastern Europeans to strengthen the military force of the country. And, the fourth ended after the conclusion of the World War II. The Immigration

Two Items on the Same Desk Essay Example for Free

Two Items on the Same Desk Essay The first six weeks of school are always a joy . They are the spring time of teaching. The last six weeks? Those weeks can be, in the immortal words of Thomas Paine, â€Å"The times that try mens souls.† Those are the days when teachers consider retirement regardless of whether theyve been teaching for three years or thirty. Mr. Hemphill was nearing the 30 year mark. Today Mr. Hemphill, as students always called him to his face, felt more like the â€Å"old Mr. Hemphill† he knew students often called him behind his back. Not quite 60, his friends, all of whom referred to him as just â€Å"Bob,† often commented on how young and fit he appeared for a man his age. To the high school students at Olympus High he was ancient. Ninety percent of the other teachers were youngsters under 40, most under thirty. â€Å"How old are you?† he was often asked. â€Å"Older than you can imagine,† hed reply. â€Å"I used to teach Shakespeare.† â€Å"You still teach it; we read Romeo and Juliet first semester.† â€Å"No, no,† he would grin. â€Å"I used to teach Shakespeare the MAN. Thats why he uses so many puns in his plays.† Mr. Hemphill never gave a quiz or test without including a bonus question, always a pun of some kind. He didnt feel very punny today. He just felt tired, weary to the bone. On his now cleared, moments earlier cluttered desk, were two items. The first was the true source of his fatigue. Seventh (the final) period of his day Mr. Hemphill had been doing his best to lead a literary discussion with a class of 38 students. Most of them hadn’t read the mere seven pages of the novel hed assigned for homework and upon which the discussion was about. Suddenly a piece of paper floated into the air from somewhere in the middle of the room, and past three or four desks. It lighted softly as a tiny bird at his feet. He picked it up. The paper, which had floated like a bird, was as welcome to Mr. Hemphill as bird poop. Indeed, the less euphemistic form of the word â€Å"poop† came to mind as he saw what was on the paper. In graphic, splendidly detailed tagger art color was a picture of a penis and scrotum on a skateboard. Mr. Hemphill commented on the quality of the art and expressed his wish that the author would channel his obvious talents in a more productive manner. What he almost said was that the artist must surely have spent hours and hours studying and handling his subject in order to depict it so 2. accurately. He didnt say it however because Mr. Hemphill in his core saw himself as a professional. His clothes, though not expensive, were ironed and neat, his shoes polished. The years hed spent in front of classrooms had taught him losing his temper was not professional. More importantly, it did you no good. He had taken a copy of the paper to the vice principal with the names of those he was certain were responsible. To the class as a whole he expressed his disappointment that some of them who had such grand potential for greatness were choosing to waste it on depravity. He meant it too and said it with great sincerity. A few looked as if they agreed with him. Several others, and probably the ones responsible, snickered albeit surreptitiously. â€Å"They think Im just an old, old guy from another planet,† he thought at the time. When he looked at the item now he felt disappointment once again, and anger, most definitely, and hurt. For some reason it definitely hurt. Of course it most likely had not been meant for him. It had a boys name on it, Nick ________, and it was likely a gang thing. When a gang member gives a guy a picture of a male private part it is a message. Hes calling the guy out, insulting him, asking him what hes going to do about it. Sometimes a gang guy draws a picture of the female equivalent. That is a worse insult, and implies the recipient wont or cant do anything about it because he’s just a P______. â€Å"Dont judge these guys† Mr. Hemphill told himself. â€Å"You dont know what the house or apartment they go home to is like. You dont know whats been done to them, what happens on their block, in their hood every day.† â€Å"Now why did they pose the penis on a skateboard?† he asked himself. The skateboard could be said to add an element of humor to the drawing. Humor to the deprived and ignorant who felt any fellow who farted was funny. But humor reflects that there is humanity somewhere in there. Maybe divinity too? Mr. Hemphill shrugged, and sighed, and turned the distasteful drawing over. Next to it was a letter from a former student, Sean. Hed found Mr. Hemphill earlier that day at break and came up to him to give him the letter. The letter wasnt to Mr. Hemphill. It was a letter to a college he was applying to. He was supposed to tell the college a little about himself and why he would be a great student to accept. Though the letter wasnt to Mr. Hemphill, the first half of it was all about him. â€Å"I owe my knowledge and ever-lasting developing love of the Literary Arts to Mr. Hemphill† the letter said. â€Å"He taught me the power stories have, and helped me learn the basic skills every writer needs. Because of him hopefully I will be able one day to consider myself a successful screen writer.† Mr. Hemphill re-read those lines three times savoring every word. He remembered Sean as he had looked as a freshmen. Short, pudgy, big glasses. It was a clichà © perhaps, but at first glance Mr. 3. Hemphill had thought that if he had a book of slang and looked up the word, â€Å"nerd† Seans photo would be beside the definition. He was smart and determined and wanted to learn. Sean wasnt as short or pudgy any more. He was starting to look like a handsome, confident young man. He would come into his own in college. â€Å"I didnt teach him anything, not really,† Mr. Hemphill reflected, â€Å"I just steered him a little.† What were the odds of receiving both these items on the same day? Mr. Hemphill remembered the year hed had Sean, his freshmen year. In the fall while he was absent and had a sub, some students who werent his students came to his fourth period pretending to be his students. Two of them distracted the substitute while the others stole some things off and in his desk. Somebody even snatched a big Muhammad Ali poster hed had on the wall for years. â€Å"Im so fast when I turn off the light switch on the wall, I can go jump into bed before its dark!† Ali said on the poster. Hemphill had used it for years to instruct students about hyperbole, and pride. The worst thing about the incident was that they took his pencil can. It wasnt worth anything, but it was something his oldest daughter had made for him when she was in kindergarten or first grade. Shed put paper around a small can and drawn hearts all over it, and it said, â€Å"I love you daddy† on it. Hemphill kept it on his desk with pencils in it for years. Every time he looked at it he remembered the way his Samantha, now a young mother, had looked the day she gave it to him. Why had they stolen that? Eventually the guilty students got ratted out and punished, but the stolen items were forever lost. Spring of that same year in his sixth period students got together and bought him a big brand new Muhammad Ali poster, nicer than the other one. They had gotten a card and all the students signed it and presented it to him during finals week. Those were the worst and the best things students had ever done to or for Mr. Hemphill throughout his whole career. They had happened during the same school year. These two items on the desk happened during the same school day. Looking at the two items, the gross picture and the letter were a dà ©jà  vu of that previous school year. The two items in a way represented of all the days and all the years he had been a public school teacher. How many of his students’ fathers had pencil can mementos on their desks? How many of his students, if asked to write an essay or a quick write about a hero, someone they admired, would turn in a blank sheet of paper? He remembered that he had asked to go to this school in this part of town. He’d started out at Capital High where students came from the town’s nicer neighborhoods and most of the parents had jobs. Innocent and idealistic, he’d wanted to go where he could combat ignorance and be a â€Å"light in the darkness.† After 30 years the idealism still smoldered in his heart. When that flame went out it would be time to quit. 4. Mr. Hemphill pushed himself away from his desk. Along the side wall uncorrected papers mounted up in little baskets. They would have to wait. He was too tired today to correct papers. Mr. Hemphill walked to the back window. There he looked out at the blue sky. He placed his hand over his heart, and then flung the hand outward like a fishermen who has just cleaned a fish and then flings the raw guts out into the open sea. It was a ritual started when his kids were small, a way to not carry the cares of the day home in the evening. Then he went home. He looked forward to kissing his wife and listening to his youngest daughter, a high school senior, tell him about her day. When he left the room one of the items on his desk was now in the waste basket beside the door. The other was inside his grade book tucked under his arm, gripped tightly beside his heart.

Piracy In The 21st Century :: essays research papers fc

Merriam-Webster’s Collegiate Dictionary defines piracy as, â€Å"an act of robbery on the high seas or an act resembling such robbery† (885). From this we can define software piracy as an act of robbery on the information superhighway. Many people do not see it as such. Even though the average person would never consider going into a convenience store and stealing a stick of gum, many have no qualms about stealing thousands of dollars worth of software. In a study done by the Canadian Alliance Against Software Theft, 43 percent of adult Canadians who were asked thought that pirating software for personal use was OK. This feeling has come about in several ways. Older computer users, with Unix backgrounds, remember many of the applications they used as freeware. Software pirating also results from users having access to freely downloadable applications, evaluation copies, and public betas. This leads users to believe that all software is free. While many downloadable app lications carry expiration dates, many companies rely on â€Å"nag messages† rather then a disabling mechanism. These messages are easily ignored and allow the user to continue use of the product (Stevenson 18). Despite these factors global software piracy rates are on the decline. However, the number of illegal applications installed continues to grow, according to the Business Software Alliance (BSA) and the Software and Information Industry Association (SIIA). In 1998, 38 percent of applications in use globally were pirated, down from 49 percent in 1994. Yet, 231 million business software applications installed were pirated, 2.5 million more than in 1997. This led to an eleven billion dollar loss in revenue by software companies (Paquet). Jason Penchoff, a BSA spokesperson, states, â€Å"Software piracy affects company productivity and jobs. For every free package or unlicensed package of software, companies are losing money. If an automaker lost 38 percent of its revenue, there would be a huge outcry† (qtd. in). So how are users obtaining all this illegal software? Consumers now have the ability to purchase goods from their computer. Generally when we think of electronic commerce, we mostly think of business to consumer transactions. But one of the most rapidly growing developments in electronic commerce is the consumer-to-consumer market. The rapid growth of Internet auction sites has created shopping opportunities for online consumers that were never before available. According to SIIA’s Piracy on Internet Auction Sites, â€Å"consumer-to-consumer online auction revenue will climb from $4 billion in 1999 to more than $15 billion in 2004† (3).

Business blue print document Essay

Recurring payments/deductions infotype (0014) in which you capture the details of periodic/regular earnings or deductions. For Mastek, Indian payroll, they will be Medical Reimbursement, Reimbursement of Books, Leave Without Pay, Guesthouse Deduction, Personal Courier and Personal STD/ISD Phone Call.   Additional payments infotype (0015) in which you capture the details of annual or irregular earnings or deductions. For Mastek, Indian payroll, they will be LTA and Performance Pay.   Contract elements infotype (0016) Monitoring dates infotype (0019)   Family details infotype (0021). Membership fees infotype (0057), which you can also set up to make payments to third-parties in particular cases Cost distribution infotype (0027), which you can also set up to assign the internal order number if the cost of the employee is to go to the internal order number. You can also assign the percentage so that only that percentage of cost goes to the internal order. If this infotype is not maintained or the percentage assigned to the internal order in this infotype is not 100 percent, then the system picks the cost center assignment from infotype 0001 to attach the cost. Personnel IDs infotype (0185) These infotypes have been modified to handle Indian requirements. India-specific infotypes containing payment information: – These infotypes have been created for India payroll only: –   Previous employment tax details infotype (0580)   Housing (HRA/CLA/COA) infotype (0581)   Exemptions infotype (0582)   Car & Conveyance infotype (0583)   Income from other sources infotype (0584)   Section 80 deductions infotype (0585)   Investment details (Section 88) infotype (0586)   Provident fund contribution infotype (0587). Other statutory deductions infotype (0588)   Long term reimbursements infotype (0590) * Nominations infotype (0591) 1. 7 POSTING TO ACCOUNTING Purpose Reporting for posting payroll results to Accounting, otherwise known as posting to Accounting, is a subsequent activity that is carried out after a successful payroll run. It usually takes place for each payroll period. During posting to Accounting, all posting data for the payroll results is selected, summarized, formatted, and then posted to the integrated components in Accounting. You can also archive the data created in posting to Accounting. Integration Different R/3 components are involved in posting to Accounting, and these components have different data requirements: –   Payroll (PY)   Financial Accounting (FI)   General Ledger Accounting (FI-GL)   Accounts Payable (FI-AP)   Accounts Receivable (FI-AR)   Special Ledger (FI-SL)   Controlling (CO) INTEGRATION OF THE COMPONENTS IN POSTING TO ACCOUNTING Payroll (HR) The principal organizational concept in Payroll is the wage type. A wage type classifies personnel expenses according to tax, insurance, labour legislation, pay scales and other operational characteristics. In Payroll, wage types are also used for saving additional information in the payroll results, for example, in the form of cumulation wage types (total gross amount or gross tax amount), or in the form of wage types for other important amounts (statutory net pay or transfer amount). The organizational assignments valid for all periods are also created within Payroll as well as special cost assignments, and the wage types are assigned to this information. During payroll, additional wage types are created to provide data for cost accounting and these are saved in the payroll results, for example, the portion of the wage that is not applicable on public holidays. Financial Accounting (FI) Financial Accounting is responsible for the flow of payments. The payment flows are posted to particular accounts depending on the type or identity of the receiver, and on the due date of the payment. Cost Accounting (CO) Cost Accounting splits the costs according to the type (cost type = G/L account) and assigns them to cost centers or to other cost assignment objects (additional account assignment). Posting to accounting allows you to post costs to the following account assignment objects: –   Position in customer order Implementation Considerations To ensure that the process of posting to accounting is completed successfully and without problems, please make the following settings: – Customize the components involved (wage types, accounts, other account assignment objects)   Customize Reporting for posting to Accounting. The individual components involved in posting to Accounting can be organized as follows:   All components are in the same clients of the R/3 System.   The accounting components are in a different system to the Payroll application component. This could be a different R/3 System, an R/2 System, or a third-party system. If the individual components are distributed in various systems, see setting up Posting to accounting.   Reporting for posting payroll results to Accounting   Posting documents In Customizing for Cross-Application Components under Scenarios ‘Posting payroll results to Accounting’. Features Posting to Accounting allows you to perform the following functions: –   Post retroactive accounting runs Pension Fund report for exempted Trusts (Though this is not applicable for Mastek, this is for the information only): – 1. Form 4 – Return of members leaving service 2. Form 5E – Return of the members leaving service during the month 3. Form 6 – Statement of contributions for the month ESI Reports 1. Form 6 2. Form 7 These reports are generated every half-year, in the months of October and April for the preceding contribution period. Professional Tax (PTax) Reports Payroll-India caters to the PTax Reports for the following states: – 1. Andhra Pradesh (Monthly) – Not applicable for Mastek 2. Gujarat (Monthly) – Not applicable for Mastek 3. Karnataka (Monthly) – Applicable for Mastek 4. Maharashtra (Monthly) – Applicable for Mastek 5. West Bengal (Monthly) – Applicable for Mastek 6. Tamil Nadu (Half-Yearly) – Applicable for Mastek 7. Madhya Pradesh (Annual) – Not applicable for Mastek These reports are to be generated at the relevant frequency for those states where PTax is applicable. The selection screen captures the following information: – 1. The PTax report can be generated for a PTax grouping created for the Personnel Subarea. 2. The report is printed in the relevant format for each state as applicable and for those employees for whom the PTax and return is applicable. Labour Welfare Fund Reports Payroll-India caters to Labour Welfare Fund reports for the following states: – 1. Gujarat (Half-Yearly) – Not applicable for Mastek 2. Using the standard SAP – ADP link the gross payroll results shall be uploaded to ADP for the final processing. The SAP US Payroll allows MSI to process payroll for employees in the United States, using data from SAP Personnel Administration and Benefits under a wide variety of configurations. The SAP Payroll system also offers a number of standard payroll reports. The Tax Reporter component will allow MSI to generate all required state and federal tax forms, such as SUI reports and W-2s. Further reports can be generated using Ad Hoc Query in conjunction with an SAP Payroll Infotype. However bulk of MSI requirements for legal reporting etc shall be met by ADP as the net payroll processing will be in their domain. Integration The Payroll component is integrated with other SAP HR components, such as Personnel Administration and Benefits. There are also interfaces to other SAP modules such as Financial Accounting and Controlling. 2. 1 COMPENSATION FOR USA PAY SCALE TYPE During the discussions it was realized that across Mastek Group, the compensation paid to the employees is divided into the following classifications: – 1. Technical – Professional 2. Technical – Semi-professional 3. Non-Technical – Professional 4. Non-technical – Semi-professional 5. Others – Professional 6. Others – Non-professional The same will be configured as the Pay Scale Types in the SAP R/3 system. PAY SCALE AREA The Pay Scale Area will remain same as we have defined our Personnel Areas. Therefore the following will be the Pay Scale Areas in the SAP R/3 system: – 1. Santa Clara 2. Dallas PAYROLL AREA & PAYROLL PERIOD In MSI, a semi monthly payroll period shall be used for running the payroll. Hence the payroll area defined in the SAP R/3 system for MSI is: – 02 – Semi Monthly – USA PAY SCALE GROUP The Pay Scale Group will be in terms of grades in the organization. The list of Pay Scale Group that is to be customized as under: – 1. T2 2. T3 3. G2 4. G3 5. G4 6. G6 7. G8 8. G10 9. G12 10. G14 11. G16 12. G18 13. G20 14. Project Trainee 15. Temporary PAY SCALE LEVEL There is no sub-classification of Pay Scale Groups, which can be mapped to the Pay Scale Level. At Mastek the salaries are defined in terms of Total Annual Gross (TAG) and then the money is divided into the various wage types of the employee. For the purpose of customization, one Pay Scale Level will be defined For the US compensation, Dallas has been taken as base location. The location is also considered for the US compensation package. To start the compensation review, first Mastek has to map the US Grades with the Indian Grades. The US Grades are as follows: – D2 D1 C2 C1 B2 B1 A2 A1 How they are mapped: – Indian Grade US Grade G4 D2 G6 D1 G8 C2 G10 C1, B2 G12 B1 G14 A2 G16 A1 The salary survey is done by an external agency and the salaries are fixed based on that. There are four major heads under which the salary is fixed for the review: – 1. Base Salary 2. Location Allowance 3. Skills 4. Performance Pay NOTE: MASTEK has decided that Indian grades shall be applicable globally and the US grades shall be mapped to equivalent Indian grades. However MASTEK is yet to provide the mapped list of grades for the same. The Reviewed salary is paid as Base salary and the relevant amounts are paid under the other heads. Thus the salaries are finalized for each and every employee in USA. It is to be noted that the salary survey report is Grade based in USA. As Dallas is taken as Base location, the amount for Location Allowance is fixed on the basis of the location the employee is scheduled to work in. For finalizing the location allowance the following factors are taken into account: – 1. Accommodation Cost, 2. Transportation Cost, 3. Tax Rate, and 4. Food Cost. All this is relevant to the Indian employees who visit USA from India. There is no information available as to how the compensation review takes place for the US nationals in USA. 2. 2 USA SPECIFIC BENEFITS ADMINISTRATION COBRA COBRA stands for the Consolidated Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1985. It requires the vast majority of employers to offer continuation of coverage to covered employee and their dependents who, due to certain COBRA qualifying events, lose group health plan coverage. Infotype 0211 COBRA Qualified Beneficiary Infotype 0212 COBRA Health Plan Infotype 0270 COBRA Payments > MSI pays 100% for its employee’s health insurance premiums. Employees’ dependents are eligible to participate in the same health insurance, however it’s the employees’ responsibility to pay the premium costs. > Anthem Health provides both Medical and Dental insurance for MSI employees and their dependents. LIFE INSURANCE > MSI provides life death and dismemberment insurance coverage for all of its employees through UNUM Life Insurance Company effective from the date of joining MSI. > The beneficiary will receive two times the employees’ annual base salary. 401 K PLAN > All employees are eligible for this plan > MSI does not make any contributions to this plan > Employee can contribute up to 25% to a maximum of USD 10,000 per calendar year. CAFETARIA PLAN > Also known as Section 125 Plan. > Employees can pay for medical and dependent care expenses with Pre Tax Dollars to avail of tax benefit under this plan. > Employees may choose to have designated amount of their income directed towards this plan. > This is solely and employee contributed benefit. 2. 3 STANDARD SAP US PAYROLL FEATURES SAP Payroll allows MSI to run payroll for employees in all states. Requisite statutory reports, such as Federal forms 940, W-2, W-3, and all state SUI forms are also supported by the SAP system. Payroll does not just involve the calculation of remuneration, but consists of a variety of processes that are becoming increasingly important due to the employer’s increased obligation to supply benefits and medical welfare. You can also control the financial system of third-party providers. The System calculates the gross and net pay, which comprises the individual payments and deductions that are calculated during a payroll period, and are received by an employee. These payments and deductions are included in the calculation of the remuneration using different wage types. However, since MSI has out sourced its net payroll processing to a third party called ADP. Hence only the gross payroll shall be run and an interface shall be provided to send data to ADP for net payroll processing and deduction of Taxes etc. After the remuneration payroll you can carry out various subsequent activities, for example, you can see to remuneration payment or the creation of various lists, and make evaluations. The Gross Payroll component processes employee master data from SAP Personnel Administration and generates wage types and amounts to be used by the Net Payroll component, or to be exported to a third-party product for net calculation. Pre-tax deductions and earnings are processed within the Gross Payroll component. Integration. The Gross Payroll component is closely integrated with the SAP Personnel Administration and SAP Benefits components Payroll in Dialog Mode Purpose The payroll program is run at a specific point in time, not only to calculate an employee’s basic remuneration but also any special payments, overtime payments or bonuses that must be effected for the period in question. You can follow the procedure of payroll directly in dialog mode. Payroll in dialog mode is particularly suited to simulate a payroll run for an individual payroll area or individual personnel numbers. Payroll in a Background Operation Use When you have checked all the settings for the payroll run, and have tested the run in a simulation run, you can perform the payroll run in a background job. Off-Cycle Activities Purpose As an addition to regular payroll, which carries out payroll at fixed regular intervals, this function enables you to carry out specific off-cycle payroll activities for individual employees on any day. You can issue a check to replace payments that were originally made to an employee by check or by transfer but which the employee did not receive, or if the check is in an unusable condition (for example, torn). You can reverse payroll results that were created by a regular or off-cycle payroll run. You can enter a check number into the system retrospectively for a payroll result for which you have already issued a check manually. 2. 4 MSI US PAYROLL – GROSS PROCESSING Purpose The Gross Payroll component processes employee master data from SAP Personnel Administration and generates wage types and amounts to be used by the Net Payroll component, or to be exported to a third-party product for net calculation. Pre-tax deductions and earnings are processed within the Gross Payroll component. Integration The Gross Payroll component is closely integrated with the SAP Personnel Administration and SAP Benefits components Payments The individual payments form the basis for the calculation of an employee’s gross remuneration, which is the core part of payroll. Gross remuneration is the starting point for the calculation of social insurance and tax payments, and also for the calculation of net remuneration. Structure In the R/3 System, payments are split into the following categories according to their characteristics: Basic pay. Basic pay consists of the fixed wage and salary elements that are paid in every payroll period. You enter them in the form of wage types in the basic pay (0008) infotype. Recurring payments and deductions Recurring payments and deductions are paid or retained with fixed frequency. The system determined the payments using factors such as overtime, leave or substitutions. The wage types that illustrate these factors are entered in the recurring payments and deductions (0014) infotype. In the processing stage the system uses the Customizing settings representing the collective agreement.   Additional Payments. Additional payments are remuneration elements that are not usually paid in each payroll period, and that are not paid at regular intervals. You enter them in the Additional Payments (0015) infotype. Benefits Integration to Payroll Purpose Users of the R/3 Benefits component can use Benefits Integration to streamline the payroll calculation process for their employees. The Benefits Integration component allows benefits-related deductions and contributions entered in master data to be processed during net payroll processing. Integration This component integrates the Payroll component with the Benefits component. Deduction and contribution amounts can be remitted to benefits providers using functionality from the Third Party Remittance component. 2. 5 THE PAYROLL PROCESS 2. 6 US PAYROLL REPORTING Introduction The R/3 HR Payroll System provides all regulatory and tax reports required by U. S. federal and state law, such as SUI reports for state unemployment agencies, W-2 reports for the federal and state governments, and the Multiple Worksite Report for the Bureau of Labor Statistics. Additional payroll reports are available for other business purposes, such as the New Hire Report. These reports allow efficient evaluation of payroll data and ensure compliance with government regulations. Integration Payroll reports access information from all HR Infotypes and evaluate data from HR Time Management and HR Organizational Management as well as HR Personnel Administration. Features R/3 Payroll offers numerous internal and regulatory reports, including: New Hire Reporting Tax Reporter for federal and state reports Law requires companies to report the results of their payroll calculation to several tax authorities, including the federal government and many state and local governments. This component enables you to produce regulatory reports for government authorities in the format required by each authority. Reports that Tax Reporter supports include Form 940 – Employer’s Annual Federal Unemployment Tax Return, Form 941 – Employer’s Quarterly Federal Tax Return, Form W-2 – Wage and Tax Statement, the 1099-R form and the Multiple Worksite Report. NOTE:-In case of MASTEK the above reports may be provided by ADP since ADP shall be responsible for running net payroll and doing all calculations and deductions for the same.